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• Hands-Only CPR involves chest compressions without rescue breaths.
• It is designed for bystanders who witness a sudden collapse in a teen
•  or adult.
• Keeps blood circulating to vital organs until advanced care arrives.
• Simple to learn — making more people willing to act.
• Especially effective for sudden cardiac arrest due to a heart problem (not drowning, drug overdose, or in children).
• Place hands (heel of one hand on center of chest, other on top).

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA):

• Occur in ~356,000 adults annually in the U.S.
• Occur in ~7,000 children annually in the U.S.
• Nearly 70% happen at home.

Overall survival to hospital discharge for OHCA: ~10%.

• Survival doubles or triples when a bystander performs CPR.
• Survival with early defibrillation (AED) can reach 50–70% in shockable rhythms.
• Bystander CPR is attempted in ~40–45% of OHCAs in the U.S.
• Immediate CPR can maintain 40–50% of normal blood flow to the heart and brain.

• The use of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) or manual defibrillator within minutes of cardiac arrest to restore a normal heart rhythm.
• Most effective for shockable rhythms: Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) and Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia (VT).
• AEDs are designed for public use—even untrained bystanders can operate them.
• When used promptly, they double or triple survival rates compared to CPR alone.
• VF/VT deteriorates into asystole (non-shockable rhythm) if not treated quickly.